If you think something could be better, consider trying to make it so

When things look bad you can fix them with your active imagination and a positive approach.

— Sidney X. Shore

During World War II, I worked for the North American Philips Company, Crystal Division. They manufactured quartz crystals used to set a particular frequency for radio transmitters and receivers used by the military, especially in aircraft. The frequency of transmission and reception was determined by the thickness of the sliced quartz crystal.

Slicing was easy, but the most important thing was slicing at the proper angle. If the angle was not proper, the frequency would be OK at room temperature, but as temperatures climbed and dropped, that frequency would change markedly.

On an aircraft, when it went up high in the sky, the temperature dropped greatly and if the angle of cut was not right, the signals became unusable. The frequency of vibration of the crystals depended upon their thickness, but the frequency changed markedly when the planes went up into the air to colder places in the atmosphere if the crystals were not cut at the proper angle. As a result, more than 70 percent of the crystals had to be rejected when tested at our factory. It was very expensive for Philips and nobody seemed to know what to do about the problem.

I decided to investigate the causes and to create crystals that were perfect at all temperatures. I spent one month of weekends at the New York Public Library on 42nd Street and  Fifth Avenue in New York City searching for information that would help me understand how to fix the problem.

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Instead of the X-ray machine that we were using to check the angle of the quartz crystal, I decided to look at the quartz crystals through polarized glass invented by Edwin Land. It was fascinating to discover that the angle of cut was shown accurately this way and it became possible to have the crystal cutters at Philips make changes based upon that observation and then come up with perfect crystals.

The rejection rate fell to less than 5 percent as a result and Philips began to earn loads more money each month, selling perfect quartz crystals to the military. A patent application was made and filed in my name.

Shortly afterward, an executive from the military visited us at Philips and, although we created and owned the invention, he wanted us to allow all  other quartz crystal manufacturers in the United States to use this new way of measuring the angle of cut. They all had the same problem that we had. Philips and I agreed to allow them to do that. Their profits rose immediately as well.

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In 1997, I became a member of the American Society of Patent Holders, an organization that recognizes technical achievement through “Inventure Place, Home of the National Inventors Hall of Fame.� From them, I received an award for my patent No. 2,499,788, Piezo Electric Crystal Testing Apparatus. It was a surprise and a pleasure.

The National Inventors Hall of Fame Museum was founded in 1973 by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the National Council of Intellectual Property Law Association. It was set up in Washington, D.C., and then transferred to its current location at Akron, Ohio in 1995.

It features biographies of inventors and exhibits of the inductees and their inventions. It has a make-up area, which is a workshop containing invention-inspiring resources designed for children ages 7 and up to experiment with a variety of things such as gears, light, sound, hydraulics and more. It has a special summer program for youngsters, as well as an out-of-school program.

The National Inventors Hall of Fame sponsors activities that stimulate the inventive spirit and aim at developing the inventive mind. It is a wonderful place to visit and explore, for both adults and children.

Peter Olotka, who spent some time working at the Hall of Fame, has nominated me to be inducted for my invention of the Piezo Electric Testing Apparatus. Each year, in May, the museum honors new inductees, although not all nominees are inducted. I will wait and see.

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Inventing is sometimes difficult, but always a pleasure. It is important to ask yourself questions without a negative attitude. It is important not to feel depressed if it takes time to dream up new ideas. It is important to maintain forward motion and to continue to aim at new ideas that will do what you would like them to do. I think that everyone has been an inventor at some time or another.

Most countries have people who dream up new ways to do things and create inventions. While the United States has long produced the most inventions, others are now rolling in on us, especially China and Japan, which have been expanding their inventive procedures every year. And an inventor in any country can file a patent application in any other country that he or she might wish.

Look at something that you wish you could do better. Then explore ways in which you might be able to improve it. Become an inventor! It is fun!

Sidney X. Shore is a scientist, inventor and educator who lives in Sharon and holds more than 30 U.S. patents.

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