Town's reward for green efforts: more green equipment

CORNWALL — It was the perfect day. The air was very cold. Snow covered the ground. No one really wanted to be outside for long.

But on the Town Hall lawn, an array of 24 solar voltaic, 210-watt panels tipped their faces up and basked happily in a heavy dose of sunshine in the clear air, with a boost from reflected light off the snow.

It took less than a week in November for Litchfield Hills Solar to install the panels and supporting equipment. An electrician hooked the system up to the Town Hall and adjacent Town Office building. The panels sit just off the back corner of the latter. The $29,200 cost for equipment and installation was covered by a federal Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant.

About $9 million of that grant funding coming into Connecticut is allotted for municipal projects. Cornwall is one of the first to be completed.

Even though the town offices were in full swing that sunny morning, lights and computers were gulping electricity from the collection panels, rather than the regional power grid.

Town Hall workers, selectmen and the press took a “tour� of the system, conducted by Litchfield Hills Solar partners Jim LaPorta and Ray Furse. It didn’t take long. The technology is primarily in the pre-made panels, where superconductor materials excited by the absorption of photons of light release electrons.

The free-flowing electrons are directed into an electrical current. The direct current is sent to a transformer that converts it to the alternating current fed to electrical outlets — not unlike what happens on utility poles.

The only modification here was a galvanized steel backing on the panels. Wires protrude from the back of the panels. They are easily accessible on the pitched mounting frame (not a good idea in a public place).

The question that is always asked: Does snow have to be shoveled off the panels? The answer: only under extreme conditions. Town Hall workers breathed sighs of relief when they heard they would not be issued roof rakes. The steep pitch of the panels encourages most snow to slide off. When the sun comes out and they begin producing, the panels generate enough heat to melt most accumulations of snow and ice.

The only other technological aspect to the system is a meter. Not a new concept, except that this one keeps track of the electricity produced — what is used and what can be fed back to the grid for credit.

This is not “off the grid,� a term associated with solar voltaic systems that are totally disconnected. Those systems use large banks of batteries to store electricity, and need monitoring to be assured of uninterrupted power.

Using this give-and-take approach has opened doors for many new applications. Town and business offices and schools can’t afford a disruption of power because of too many cloudy days. Maintenance is also an issue.

When the panels are not producing enough to meet demand, the system draws from the grid. The expectation here is that enough credits will be earned to offset that cost. A sunny weekend, for instance, when offices are closed, would be a boon. Cornwall may even end up making a profit.

“One of the beauties of the current technology is that it allows anyone to be a public utility,� LaPorta said. “It allows us to do net metering and be mini-producers of electricity. The instantaneous excess this system will produce, such as on the weekends, builds a credit for the town. It is also on the DPUC [Department of Public Utility Control] docket to allow aggregate metering. If one building tied into the same system uses a lot of electricity, it can take what the other building isn’t using.�

First Selectman Gordon Ridgway, whose home and farm fall into the “off the grid� category, noted another change for the better.

“In the old days, if we bought electricity for 20 cents a kilowatt hour, we sold it for only 5 cents. Now, by law, we have to be credited the same amount we pay.�

Litchfield Hills was the only bidder on the project, which was just fine with the selectmen when the time came to hire a contractor. The company is based in West Cornwall. It seems appropriate that the town that leads the nation in percentage of renewable energy users should use a local installer. And with about 100 installations under their belts, there is a high confidence factor.

LaPorta had a well-established contracting business that has morphed into meeting demand for solar installations full time. He and Furse often found themselves working together as subcontractors on jobs for other solar installers. About 18 months ago, they decided to be their own bosses.

“Jim doesn’t like to do paperwork. I don’t like to get up on a roof,� Furse said.

The paperwork is 60 to 70 percent of the job, LaPorta estimated. That’s because most installations are done with grant money. That opened up a discussion of the issues. The grants may be offering opportunities, but the paperwork is off-putting. Grant requirements include using American-made parts. That would seem to be a good thing, but most panel manufacturers are in distant places such as Japan and Germany.

“We have to scrounge to find American-made parts,� LaPorta said. “The biggest struggle is that we find a certain panel that’s available when we are doing the grant application. Two or three months later, when the project is approved, we find out the specified panel is not available. The state won’t let us substitute a comparable panel. We have to redo all the paperwork.�

The good news is that the problems stem from a booming industry. Yet it is an industry, and an environmental effort, that is decades behind where it could be. Furse said it is shameful that less than 1 percent of this country uses solar power.

“We’ve been so slow in buying into this simple, approach,� Furse said, “that if we could get to 1 percent in the next decade we would be making considerable progress.�

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